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Eugen Karl Dühring (12 January 1833, Berlin – 21 September 1921, Nowawes in modern-day Potsdam-Babelsberg) was a German philosopher and economist, a socialist who was a strong critic of Marxism. ==Life and works== Dühring was born in Berlin, Prussia. After a legal education he practised at Berlin as a lawyer until 1859. A weakness of the eyes, ending in total blindness, occasioned his taking up the studies with which his name is now connected. In 1864 he became docent of the University of Berlin, but, in consequence of a quarrel with the professoriate, was deprived of his licence to teach in 1874. Among his works are ''Kapital und Arbeit'' (1865); ''Der Wert des Lebens'' (1865); ''Naturliche Dialektik'' (1865); ''Kritische Geschichte der Philosophie'' (1869); ''Kritische Geschichte der allgemeinen Principien der Mechanik'' (1872), one of his most successful works; ''Kursus der National und Sozialokonomie'' (1873); ''Kursus der Philosophie'' (1875), entitled in a later edition ''Wirklichkeitsphilosophie''; ''Logik und Wissenschaftstheorie'' (1878); and ''Der Ersatz der Religion durch Vollkommeneres'' (1883). He also published ''Die Judenfrage als Frage der Racenschaedlichkeit'' (1881, The Parties and the Jewish Question), and other antisemitic treatises. He published his autobiography in 1882 under the title ''Sache, Leben und Feinde''; the mention of Feinde (enemies) is characteristic. Dühring's philosophy claims to be emphatically the philosophy of reality. He is passionate in his denunciation of everything which, like mysticism, tries to veil reality. He is, in the words of historian Carlton J. H. Hayes "almost Lucretian in his anger against religion"〔Hayes, ''A Generation of Materialism'', 1941, p. 128〕 which would withdraw the secret of the universe from our direct gaze. His substitute for religion is a doctrine in many points akin to Comte and Feuerbach, the former of whom he resembles in his sentimentalism. Dühring's economic views are said to derive largely from those of Friedrich List.〔"It would be better to read Herr Dühring's chapter on mercantilism in the 'original', that is, in F. List's National System, Chapter 29..." Anti-Dühring)〕〔"Eugen Dühring", a lecturer at the university of Berlin, declared that List's doctrines represented 'the first real advance' in economics since the publication of The Wealth of Nations. (Henderson, William O. Friedrich List: Economist and Visionary (Frank Cass, London 1983) )〕 On other matters — particularly their attitude to Jews — the two men held very different opinions.〔"Up to the time of Philip II... Spain possessed all the elements of greatness and prosperity, when bigotry, in alliance with despotism, set to work to stifle the high spirit of the nation. The first commencement of this work of darkness was the expulsion of the Jews, and its crowning act the expulsion of the Moors, whereby two millions of the most industrious and well-to-do inhabitants were driven out of Spain with their capital." (From List's ''The National System of Political Economy'', p 58.)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eugen Dühring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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